What Are Skin Tags? A Simple Explanation

Skin tags, or acrochordons, are small, benign (non-cancerous) growths of skin that commonly form in areas where the skin folds or rubs together. These soft, fleshy growths typically hang off the skin and are attached by a thin stalk called a peduncle. Skin tags are usually painless and harmless, though they can sometimes become irritated if caught on clothing or jewelry.

1. Characteristics of Skin Tags

1.1 Size and Shape

Skin tags are typically small, ranging from 1 to 5 millimeters in size, though they can grow larger, up to the size of a grape. They are soft and often resemble a small flap of hanging skin. The size of a skin tag may vary depending on its location and how long it has been present.

1.2 Color and Texture

Skin tags are generally the same color as your skin but can sometimes appear darker. The texture is usually smooth or slightly wrinkled. They are often described as soft to the touch, and unlike moles, they do not have a solid base.

1.3 Location

Skin tags tend to appear in areas where skin rubs against skin or clothing, including:

• Neck
• Armpits
• Groin
• Under the breasts
• Eyelids
• Upper chest
• Back

These areas are prone to friction, which is believed to contribute to the development of skin tags.

2. Causes of Skin Tags

Although the exact cause of skin tags is unknown, there are several factors that can increase the likelihood of developing them:

2.1 Friction

Friction caused by skin rubbing against skin is thought to be a leading cause of skin tags. This is why they often appear in folds of skin or areas with frequent movement, such as the armpits and neck.

2.2 Age

Skin tags are more common in middle-aged and older adults. As skin ages, it becomes more prone to developing tags due to changes in elasticity and skin structure.

2.3 Weight

People who are overweight or obese are more likely to develop skin tags. This is because excess weight creates more skin folds and areas where skin can rub against itself, leading to an increased risk of skin tag formation.

2.4 Hormonal Changes

Hormonal fluctuations, particularly during pregnancy, may also lead to the development of skin tags. Changes in hormone levels can affect the skin’s structure and increase the likelihood of skin tag growth.

2.5 Genetics

There is evidence to suggest that genetics play a role in the formation of skin tags. If your parents or close relatives have skin tags, you may be more likely to develop them as well.

2.6 Diabetes and Insulin Resistance

Research has shown a link between skin tags and insulin resistance or type 2 diabetes. People with these conditions may have an increased risk of developing skin tags, though the exact relationship is still being studied.

3. Are Skin Tags Harmful?

Skin tags are benign and typically do not cause any harm. They are not cancerous and, in most cases, don’t lead to any medical complications. However, they can become irritated or inflamed if they are:

• Rubbed by clothing or jewelry
• Cut or nicked while shaving
• Twisted or pulled accidentally

If a skin tag becomes painful, itchy, or starts to bleed, it’s advisable to consult a healthcare provider to rule out any other conditions or infections.

4. Removal of Skin Tags

Though skin tags are harmless, some people choose to have them removed for cosmetic reasons or if they become irritated. Here are some common methods for removing skin tags:

4.1 Cryotherapy (Freezing)

In this procedure, a doctor applies liquid nitrogen to the skin tag, which freezes it off. After treatment, the skin tag will fall off within a few days.

4.2 Cauterization (Burning)

This method involves burning off the skin tag using electrical energy. The heat seals off the blood vessels feeding the skin tag, causing it to fall off.

4.3 Ligation (Cutting Off Blood Supply)

A doctor can tie a piece of surgical thread around the base of the skin tag, cutting off its blood supply. Over time, the tag will wither and fall off.

4.4 Excision (Cutting)

In some cases, a doctor may use a scalpel or surgical scissors to cut off the skin tag. This procedure is quick and usually requires no downtime.

4.5 Home Remedies

Some people attempt to remove skin tags at home using over-the-counter treatments or natural remedies, such as applying tea tree oil or apple cider vinegar. However, it’s important to consult a healthcare professional before trying home removal, as improper techniques can lead to infection or scarring.

5. When to See a Doctor

While most skin tags are harmless, there are instances when you should consult a doctor:

• If the skin tag becomes painful, red, or inflamed
• If the skin tag begins to bleed for no apparent reason
• If the skin tag grows rapidly or changes in appearance
• If you are uncertain whether the growth is a skin tag or something more serious, like a mole or wart

In rare cases, what appears to be a skin tag could be another type of growth, such as a skin cancer, that requires medical attention.

6. Prevention of Skin Tags

While it may not be possible to prevent skin tags entirely, there are steps you can take to reduce the risk of developing them:

• Maintain a healthy weight to minimize skin folds and friction.
• Wear loose-fitting clothing to reduce skin irritation and rubbing.
• Keep skin dry and clean to avoid excessive moisture in skin folds.
• Manage blood sugar levels if you have diabetes or insulin resistance.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. Are skin tags dangerous or cancerous?

No, skin tags are benign and not cancerous. They are harmless growths that do not pose a health risk.

2. How can I tell if it’s a skin tag or something else?

Skin tags are small, soft, and usually hang off the skin. If you’re unsure or notice changes in color, size, or shape, consult a doctor to rule out other conditions like moles or warts.

3. Do skin tags go away on their own?

Skin tags typically do not fall off on their own. They generally remain unless they are removed through a medical procedure.

4. Can I prevent skin tags from forming?

While you can't entirely prevent skin tags, reducing friction on the skin, maintaining a healthy weight, and managing blood sugar levels may help lower the risk.

5. Is it safe to remove skin tags at home?

While there are home remedies, it’s safer to consult a healthcare provider for removal to avoid complications like infection or scarring.

6. Can skin tags grow back after removal?

Once a skin tag is removed, it does not grow back. However, new skin tags may form in other areas over time.

7. Do skin tags hurt?

Skin tags are usually painless unless they are irritated by clothing or accidentally twisted or pulled.

8. Why do I have skin tags around my neck and armpits?

These areas are common locations for skin tags because they experience more friction due to skin-to-skin or skin-to-clothing contact.

9. Are skin tags more common as you get older?

Yes, skin tags are more common in middle-aged and older adults, though they can develop at any age.

10. Should I be concerned if a skin tag bleeds or becomes inflamed?

Yes, if a skin tag becomes painful, bleeds, or becomes inflamed, you should consult a doctor to ensure it is not infected or a sign of another condition.

Skin tags are small, harmless growths that can develop in areas where skin rubs against itself or clothing. While they are benign and typically painless, some people choose to have them removed for cosmetic reasons or due to irritation. Treatment options range from professional removal methods like cryotherapy and excision to home remedies, though consulting a healthcare provider is recommended before any removal attempts. If you're unsure whether a growth is a skin tag or another type of lesion, it's important to seek medical advice.