Bangkok’s laser eye surgery landscape offers various types of LASIK procedures, each designed to meet different visual correction needs. As laser eye technology advances, clinics in Bangkok have incorporated multiple forms of LASIK and LASIK alternatives, providing options suited to diverse patient profiles. Below is a guide to the most common LASIK procedures available in Bangkok and how each method caters to specific vision requirements.
1. Standard LASIK (Laser-Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis)
Overview: Traditional LASIK is one of the most widely performed laser eye surgeries worldwide. The procedure involves creating a thin flap on the cornea, which is then lifted so the underlying tissue can be reshaped using an excimer laser. This reshaping helps to correct refractive errors such as myopia (nearsightedness), hyperopia (farsightedness), and astigmatism.
Procedure:
- Flap Creation: Using a microkeratome or femtosecond laser, a thin flap is made on the cornea.
- Laser Correction: The corneal tissue underneath is reshaped using an excimer laser.
- Healing: The flap is repositioned, where it naturally adheres without stitches.
Pros: Quick recovery, minimal discomfort, effective for a range of refractive errors. Cons: Not suitable for individuals with thin corneas.
2. Femto-LASIK (Bladeless LASIK)
Overview: Also called “All-Laser LASIK” or “Bladeless LASIK,” Femto-LASIK utilizes a femtosecond laser rather than a microkeratome blade to create the corneal flap. This increases the precision of flap creation and reduces risks associated with traditional LASIK.
Procedure:
- Bladeless Flap Creation: A femtosecond laser creates a precise flap on the cornea’s surface.
- Laser Reshaping: An excimer laser then reshapes the underlying corneal tissue.
- Flap Replacement: The flap is repositioned to facilitate natural healing.
Pros: Increased precision, reduced risk of flap complications, ideal for patients with thin corneas. Cons: Higher cost than standard LASIK due to advanced technology.
3. Wavefront-Guided LASIK (Custom LASIK)
Overview: Wavefront-guided LASIK, or “Custom LASIK,” uses advanced diagnostic technology to create a 3D map of the eye. This personalized map helps in reshaping the cornea with higher precision, addressing not only common refractive errors but also higher-order aberrations (small imperfections that can affect night vision and contrast sensitivity).
Procedure:
- Mapping: A wavefront analyzer creates a detailed map of the eye’s refractive errors.
- Laser Correction: This data guides the excimer laser to correct unique visual imperfections.
- Healing: The flap is repositioned, and the eye is left to heal.
Pros: Enhanced vision quality, reduced risk of glare and halos at night, highly customized. Cons: More expensive due to advanced technology.
4. SMILE (Small Incision Lenticule Extraction)
Overview: SMILE is a minimally invasive alternative to LASIK that doesn’t require the creation of a corneal flap. Instead, a femtosecond laser is used to create a small lenticule (disc-shaped tissue) within the cornea, which is removed through a tiny incision. SMILE is particularly effective for high levels of myopia and for patients seeking a “flap-free” solution.
Procedure:
- Lenticule Creation: A femtosecond laser creates a small lenticule within the corneal layers.
- Incision: A tiny incision is made on the corneal surface.
- Tissue Removal: The lenticule is removed through the incision, reshaping the cornea.
Pros: No flap, faster healing, reduced risk of dry eyes, suitable for athletes or active individuals. Cons: Limited to myopia and mild astigmatism, not suitable for hyperopia.
5. PRK (Photorefractive Keratectomy)
Overview: PRK was the first type of laser eye surgery for vision correction and is still widely used. Unlike LASIK, PRK doesn’t involve creating a corneal flap. Instead, the outer epithelial layer of the cornea is removed, and an excimer laser is used to reshape the underlying tissue. PRK is ideal for patients with thin or irregular corneas who may not qualify for LASIK.
Procedure:
- Surface Layer Removal: The corneal epithelium is gently removed.
- Laser Reshaping: An excimer laser reshapes the corneal tissue to correct vision.
- Healing: A bandage contact lens is applied for protection while the epithelium regenerates.
Pros: Suitable for thin corneas, no risk of flap complications, effective for a range of refractive errors. Cons: Longer recovery time and more discomfort than LASIK, slower visual recovery.
6. Topography-Guided LASIK (Contoura Vision)
Overview: Contoura Vision is a form of LASIK that relies on corneal topography to map surface irregularities in addition to internal aberrations. This approach is highly personalized, providing clearer vision quality and reducing side effects like halos and glare, particularly beneficial for patients with irregular corneal shapes.
Procedure:
- Topography Mapping: A corneal topographer scans the eye’s surface to identify imperfections.
- Custom Laser Correction: This detailed map guides the excimer laser to reshape the cornea with enhanced precision.
- Healing: Similar to standard LASIK, the corneal flap is repositioned for natural healing.
Pros: Improved visual outcomes, reduces halos and glare, suitable for patients with irregular corneas. Cons: Higher cost, not widely available at all clinics.
How to Choose the Right LASIK Procedure in Bangkok
When deciding on a LASIK procedure in Bangkok, consider these factors:
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Your Refractive Error: If you have severe myopia, SMILE or PRK may be ideal. For astigmatism, wavefront-guided or topography-guided LASIK may provide the best results.
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Corneal Thickness: Patients with thin corneas may benefit from PRK or Femto-LASIK, as these techniques are less reliant on corneal thickness than standard LASIK.
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Lifestyle and Activity Level: Active individuals, such as athletes, may prefer SMILE, which doesn’t involve a flap and reduces the risk of displacement during high-impact activities.
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Vision Quality Needs: For patients sensitive to glare or halos, wavefront-guided or topography-guided LASIK may offer a superior outcome.
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Budget: Some advanced procedures, like SMILE and Contoura Vision, can be more expensive than standard LASIK. It’s wise to weigh the costs with the expected outcomes.